In C++20, the restrictions on constexpr functions have been relaxed, allowing for more flexibility and power in defining compile-time computable functions.

What are constexpr functions?

constexpr functions are functions that can be evaluated at compile time. They are used to perform computations and produce values that can be used in contexts requiring constant expressions.

constexpr int square(int x) {
    return x * x;
}

In the above example, the square function is declared as constexpr, allowing it to be evaluated at compile time when called with constant expressions.

Relaxed Restrictions

Loosened Constraints

In C++20, the constraints on constexpr functions have been relaxed to allow more flexibility. Prior to C++20, constexpr functions were subject to several restrictions, including limitations on the use of control flow constructs like loops and conditional statements. In C++20, these constraints have been loosened, enabling more complex computations to be performed at compile time.

Expanded Capabilities

C++20 allows constexpr functions to use a broader range of language features, including if, switch, try, catch, and other previously disallowed constructs. This expansion of capabilities provides developers with greater freedom in implementing compile-time computations and enables the use of more expressive and complex code within constexpr functions.

Improved Usability

The relaxation of restrictions on constexpr functions improves the usability and practicality of compile-time computations. It promotes the use of constexpr functions for a wider range of scenarios, leading to more efficient code and increased opportunities for performance optimization.

Example

constexpr int factorial(int n) {
    if (n <= 1) {
        return 1;
    }
    else {
        return n * factorial(n - 1);
    }
}

In this example, the factorial function uses a conditional statement (if) within a constexpr function, which is now allowed in C++20.

Conclusion

The relaxed restrictions on constexpr functions in C++20 expand the possibilities for compile-time computations and empower developers to leverage the full expressive power of the language within constexpr functions. This improvement in usability and flexibility contributes to a more versatile and efficient codebase, facilitating enhanced performance and more expressive compile-time operations.

References

• C++20 Standard - ISO/IEC 14882:2020
• C++ reference for constexpr functions